Waterfall charts visualize how an initial value is affected by a sequence of positive and negative increments to reach a final total. They are widely used in financial analysis for profit-and-loss bridges, budget variance explanations, and project cost breakdowns.

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category	value
Gross Revenue	12400
Discounts	-820
Net Revenue	0
COGS	-4200
Gross Profit	0
R&D	-1100
S&M	-1800
G&A	-650
Operating Income	0
Tax & Interest	-430

{
  "title": {
    "text": "FY2025 P&L Bridge ($000s)"
  },
  "data": [
    {
      "category": "Gross Revenue",
      "value": 12400,
      "isTotal": false
    },
    {
      "category": "Discounts",
      "value": -820,
      "isTotal": false
    },
    {
      "category": "Net Revenue",
      "value": 0,
      "isTotal": true
    },
    {
      "category": "COGS",
      "value": -4200,
      "isTotal": false
    },
    {
      "category": "Gross Profit",
      "value": 0,
      "isTotal": true
    },
    {
      "category": "R&D",
      "value": -1100,
      "isTotal": false
    },
    {
      "category": "S&M",
      "value": -1800,
      "isTotal": false
    },
    {
      "category": "G&A",
      "value": -650,
      "isTotal": false
    },
    {
      "category": "Operating Income",
      "value": 0,
      "isTotal": true
    },
    {
      "category": "Tax & Interest",
      "value": -430,
      "isTotal": false
    },
    {
      "category": "Net Income",
      "value": 0,
      "isTotal": true
    }
  ],
  "series": [
    {
      "type": "waterfall",
      "xKey": "category",
      "yKey": "value",
      "positiveFill": "#10b981",
      "negativeFill": "#f43f5e",
      "totalFill": "#6366f1"
    }
  ],
  "axes": [
    {
      "position": "bottom",
      "type": "category"
    },
    {
      "position": "left",
      "title": {
        "text": "Amount ($000s)"
      }
    }
  ]
}

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A profit and loss bridge showing how revenue, costs, and adjustments combine to produce net income.

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