Density contour plots (2D KDE plots) display the joint distribution of two numeric variables using contour lines connecting regions of equal density. They solve the overplotting problem of scatter plots for large datasets by replacing individual points with a smooth surface, revealing cluster locations and the overall distribution shape.

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height	weight
165	62
172	74
168	68
175	80
160	57
180	85
170	71
163	60
178	83
167	65

{
  "title": {
    "text": "Height vs. Weight — Density Contours"
  },
  "data": [
    {
      "height": 165,
      "weight": 62
    },
    {
      "height": 172,
      "weight": 74
    },
    {
      "height": 168,
      "weight": 68
    },
    {
      "height": 175,
      "weight": 80
    },
    {
      "height": 160,
      "weight": 57
    },
    {
      "height": 180,
      "weight": 85
    },
    {
      "height": 170,
      "weight": 71
    },
    {
      "height": 163,
      "weight": 60
    },
    {
      "height": 178,
      "weight": 83
    },
    {
      "height": 167,
      "weight": 65
    },
    {
      "height": 173,
      "weight": 76
    },
    {
      "height": 169,
      "weight": 70
    },
    {
      "height": 162,
      "weight": 59
    },
    {
      "height": 176,
      "weight": 81
    },
    {
      "height": 171,
      "weight": 73
    },
    {
      "height": 166,
      "weight": 63
    },
    {
      "height": 174,
      "weight": 78
    },
    {
      "height": 161,
      "weight": 56
    },
    {
      "height": 177,
      "weight": 82
    },
    {
      "height": 164,
      "weight": 61
    },
    {
      "height": 170,
      "weight": 72
    },
    {
      "height": 168,
      "weight": 67
    },
    {
      "height": 175,
      "weight": 79
    },
    {
      "height": 172,
      "weight": 75
    },
    {
      "height": 169,
      "weight": 69
    },
    {
      "height": 181,
      "weight": 88
    },
    {
      "height": 163,
      "weight": 58
    },
    {
      "height": 176,
      "weight": 82
    },
    {
      "height": 167,
      "weight": 66
    },
    {
      "height": 173,
      "weight": 77
    }
  ],
  "series": [
    {
      "type": "densitycontour",
      "xKey": "height",
      "yKey": "weight",
      "stroke": "#6366f1",
      "strokeWidth": 1.5,
      "filled": false
    }
  ],
  "axes": [
    {
      "position": "bottom",
      "title": {
        "text": "Height (cm)"
      }
    },
    {
      "position": "left",
      "title": {
        "text": "Weight (kg)"
      }
    }
  ]
}

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Contour lines drawn over a scatter of height vs. weight measurements reveal the densest regions of the data.

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